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Human impacts on weather and climate / William R. Cotton, Roger A. Pielke.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublication details: Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2007.Edition: 2nd edDescription: ix, 308 p., [12] p. of plates : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 23 cmISBN:
  • 9780521600569 (pbk.)
  • 0521600561 (pbk.)
  • 0511277261
  • 9780511277269
  • 0511277857
  • 9780511277856
Subject(s): LOC classification:
  • QC981 .C72 2007
Online resources:
Contents:
Acknowledgments -- pt. 1. The rise and fall of the science of weather modification by cloud seeding -- 1. The rise of the science of weather modification by cloud seeding -- 1.1. Project Cirrus -- 2. The glory years of weather modification -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. The static mode of cloud seeding -- 2.3. The dynamic mode of cloud seeding -- 2.3.1. Introduction -- 2.3.2. Fundamental concepts -- 2.4. Modification of warm clouds -- 2.4.1. Introduction -- 2.4.2. Basic physical concepts of precipitation formation in warm clouds -- 2.4.3. Strategies for enhancing rainfall from warm clouds -- 2.5. Hail suppression -- 2.5.1. Introduction -- 2.5.2. Basic concepts of hailstorms and hail formation -- 2.5.3. Hail suppression concepts -- 2.5.4. Field confirmation of hail suppression techniques -- 2.6. Modification of tropical cyclones -- 2.6.1. Basic conceptual model of hurricanes -- 2.6.2. The STORMFURY modification hypothesis -- 2.6.3. STORMFURY field experiments -- 3. The fall of the science of weather modification by cloud seeding. pt. 2. Inadvertent human impacts on regional weather and climate -- 4. Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and gases -- 4.1. Cloud condensation nuclei and precipitation -- 4.2. Aircraft contrails -- 4.3. Ice nuclei and precipitation -- 4.4. Other pollution effects -- 4.5. Dust -- 4.5.1. Direct radiative forcing -- 4.5.2. Indirect effects of dust -- 5. Urban-induced changes in precipitation and weather -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Urban increases in CCN and IN concentrations and spectra -- 5.3. The glaciation mechanism -- 5.4. Impact of urban land use on precipitation and weather -- 5.4.1. Observed cloud morphology and frequency -- 5.4.2. Clouds and precipitation deduced from radar studies -- 6. Other land-use/land-cover changes -- 6.1. Landscape effects -- 6.1.1. Surface effects -- 6.1.2. Boundary-layer effects -- 6.1.3. Local wind circulations -- 6.1.4. Vertical perspective -- 6.1.5. Mesoscale and regional horizontal perspective -- 6.2. Influence of irrigation -- 6.2.1. Colorado -- 6.2.2. Nebraska -- 6.3. Dryland agriculture : Oklahoma -- 6.4. Desertification -- 6.4.1. Historical overview -- 6.4.2. North Africa -- 6.4.3. Western Australia -- 6.4.4. Middle East -- 6.5. Deforestation -- 6.5.1. Historical perspective -- 6.5.2. Amazon -- 6.5.3. Africa -- 6.6. Regional vegetation feedback -- 6.7. Conclusion. 7. Concluding remarks regarding deliberate and inadvertent human impacts on regional weather and climate -- pt. 3. Human impacts on global climate -- 8. Overview of global climate forcings and feedbacks -- 8.1. Overview -- 8.2. Atmospheric radiation -- 8.2.1. Absorption and scattering by gases -- 8.2.2. Absorption and scattering by aerosols -- 8.2.3. Absorption and scattering by clouds -- 8.2.4. Global energy balance and the greenhouse effect -- 8.2.5. Changes in solar luminosity -- 8.2.6. Natural variations in aerosols and dust -- 8.2.7. Surface properties -- 8.2.8. Assessment of the relative radiative effect of carbon dioxide and water vapor -- 8.3. Climate feedbacks -- 8.3.1. Water vapor feedbacks -- 8.3.2. Cloud feedbacks -- 8.3.3. Surface albedo feedbacks -- 8.3.4. Ocean feedbacks -- 8.4. Views of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the National Research Council of climate forcings -- 9. Climatic effects of anthropogenic aerosols -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Direct aerosol effects -- 9.3. Aerosol impacts on clouds : the Twomey effect -- 9.4. Aerosols in mixed-phase clouds and climate -- 9.5. Aerosols, deep convection, and climate. 10. Nuclear winter -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. The nuclear winter hypothesis : its scientific basis -- 10.2.1. The war scenarios -- 10.2.2. Smoke production -- 10.2.3. Vertical distribution of smoke -- 10.2.4. Scavenging and sedimentation of smoke -- 10.2.5. Water injection and mesoscale responses -- 10.2.6. Other mesoscale responses -- 10.2.7. Global climatic responses -- 10.2.8. Biological effects -- 10.3. Summary of the status of the nuclear winter hypothesis -- 11. Global effects of land-use/land-cover change and vegetation dynamics -- 11.1. Land-use/and-cover changes -- 11.2. Historical land-use change -- 11.3. Global perspective -- 11.4. Quantifying land-use/land-cover forcing of climate -- 11.5. Atmosphere-vegetation interactions -- 11.6. The abrupt desertification of the Sahara. Epilogue -- E.1. The importance and underappreciation of natural variability -- E.2. The dangers of overselling -- E.3. The capricious administration of science and technology-- E.4. Scientific credibility and advocacy -- E.5. Should society wait for hard scientific evidence? -- E.6. Politics and science -- E.7. Conclusions -- References -- Index.
Holdings
Item type Current library Call number Copy number Status Date due Barcode
Books (30-Day Checkout) Books (30-Day Checkout) Nash Library General Stacks QC981.C72 2007 1 Available 33710001113245

Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-304) and index.

Acknowledgments -- pt. 1. The rise and fall of the science of weather modification by cloud seeding -- 1. The rise of the science of weather modification by cloud seeding -- 1.1. Project Cirrus -- 2. The glory years of weather modification -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. The static mode of cloud seeding -- 2.3. The dynamic mode of cloud seeding -- 2.3.1. Introduction -- 2.3.2. Fundamental concepts -- 2.4. Modification of warm clouds -- 2.4.1. Introduction -- 2.4.2. Basic physical concepts of precipitation formation in warm clouds -- 2.4.3. Strategies for enhancing rainfall from warm clouds -- 2.5. Hail suppression -- 2.5.1. Introduction -- 2.5.2. Basic concepts of hailstorms and hail formation -- 2.5.3. Hail suppression concepts -- 2.5.4. Field confirmation of hail suppression techniques -- 2.6. Modification of tropical cyclones -- 2.6.1. Basic conceptual model of hurricanes -- 2.6.2. The STORMFURY modification hypothesis -- 2.6.3. STORMFURY field experiments -- 3. The fall of the science of weather modification by cloud seeding. pt. 2. Inadvertent human impacts on regional weather and climate -- 4. Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and gases -- 4.1. Cloud condensation nuclei and precipitation -- 4.2. Aircraft contrails -- 4.3. Ice nuclei and precipitation -- 4.4. Other pollution effects -- 4.5. Dust -- 4.5.1. Direct radiative forcing -- 4.5.2. Indirect effects of dust -- 5. Urban-induced changes in precipitation and weather -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Urban increases in CCN and IN concentrations and spectra -- 5.3. The glaciation mechanism -- 5.4. Impact of urban land use on precipitation and weather -- 5.4.1. Observed cloud morphology and frequency -- 5.4.2. Clouds and precipitation deduced from radar studies -- 6. Other land-use/land-cover changes -- 6.1. Landscape effects -- 6.1.1. Surface effects -- 6.1.2. Boundary-layer effects -- 6.1.3. Local wind circulations -- 6.1.4. Vertical perspective -- 6.1.5. Mesoscale and regional horizontal perspective -- 6.2. Influence of irrigation -- 6.2.1. Colorado -- 6.2.2. Nebraska -- 6.3. Dryland agriculture : Oklahoma -- 6.4. Desertification -- 6.4.1. Historical overview -- 6.4.2. North Africa -- 6.4.3. Western Australia -- 6.4.4. Middle East -- 6.5. Deforestation -- 6.5.1. Historical perspective -- 6.5.2. Amazon -- 6.5.3. Africa -- 6.6. Regional vegetation feedback -- 6.7. Conclusion. 7. Concluding remarks regarding deliberate and inadvertent human impacts on regional weather and climate -- pt. 3. Human impacts on global climate -- 8. Overview of global climate forcings and feedbacks -- 8.1. Overview -- 8.2. Atmospheric radiation -- 8.2.1. Absorption and scattering by gases -- 8.2.2. Absorption and scattering by aerosols -- 8.2.3. Absorption and scattering by clouds -- 8.2.4. Global energy balance and the greenhouse effect -- 8.2.5. Changes in solar luminosity -- 8.2.6. Natural variations in aerosols and dust -- 8.2.7. Surface properties -- 8.2.8. Assessment of the relative radiative effect of carbon dioxide and water vapor -- 8.3. Climate feedbacks -- 8.3.1. Water vapor feedbacks -- 8.3.2. Cloud feedbacks -- 8.3.3. Surface albedo feedbacks -- 8.3.4. Ocean feedbacks -- 8.4. Views of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the National Research Council of climate forcings -- 9. Climatic effects of anthropogenic aerosols -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Direct aerosol effects -- 9.3. Aerosol impacts on clouds : the Twomey effect -- 9.4. Aerosols in mixed-phase clouds and climate -- 9.5. Aerosols, deep convection, and climate. 10. Nuclear winter -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. The nuclear winter hypothesis : its scientific basis -- 10.2.1. The war scenarios -- 10.2.2. Smoke production -- 10.2.3. Vertical distribution of smoke -- 10.2.4. Scavenging and sedimentation of smoke -- 10.2.5. Water injection and mesoscale responses -- 10.2.6. Other mesoscale responses -- 10.2.7. Global climatic responses -- 10.2.8. Biological effects -- 10.3. Summary of the status of the nuclear winter hypothesis -- 11. Global effects of land-use/land-cover change and vegetation dynamics -- 11.1. Land-use/and-cover changes -- 11.2. Historical land-use change -- 11.3. Global perspective -- 11.4. Quantifying land-use/land-cover forcing of climate -- 11.5. Atmosphere-vegetation interactions -- 11.6. The abrupt desertification of the Sahara. Epilogue -- E.1. The importance and underappreciation of natural variability -- E.2. The dangers of overselling -- E.3. The capricious administration of science and technology-- E.4. Scientific credibility and advocacy -- E.5. Should society wait for hard scientific evidence? -- E.6. Politics and science -- E.7. Conclusions -- References -- Index.